Geophysical Applications Advantages
surface and borehole geophysics
 Surface and borehole geophysics.  Preparing to lower an optical televiewer probe into a bedrock borehole.
Environmental Site Assessments:
- Detecting underground tanks, drums, and unexploded ordnance (UXO)
- Delineating lagoons, trenches, and excavations
- Mapping landfill boundaries and thickness
- Characterizing landfill materials and disposal extent
- Detecting contaminant plumes and estimating migration directions
- Locating septic systems, drain pipes, and other conduits
- Detecting clay-liner leaks
Hydrogeologic Investigations:
- Profiling depths to bedrock, groundwater, and overburden strata
- Locating transmissive bedrock fractures, and measuring fracture dip angles and down-dip compass azimuths
- Measuring saturated overburden thickness
- Detecting weathered and fractured bedrock
- Evaluating continuity and depth of clay strata
- Sinkhole detection and delineation
Geotechnical and NDT Studies:
- Detecting rebar, pipes, and conduits within concrete
- Dynamic elastic moduli measurements in soil, bedrock, and concrete
- Verifying pavement and subbase thicknesses along highways and railroads
- Identifying void locations and depths beneath asphalt and concrete
- Profiling depths to bedrock, groundwater, and overburden strata
- Estimating material rippability
- Determining earth resistance for high-voltage grounding systems
- Locating bedrock fractures and faults
- Delineating geologic contacts and lithologic changes
- Detecting buried utilities and storm drains
- Locating voids created by pipe installation or leaks
- Monitoring void development within dams and under pavement
- Delineating sinkholes in karst terrain
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